The USGS Arkansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is leading new research on restoring prairie grasslands with prescribed burning in the Loess Canyons of Nebraska. Private landowners have used prescribed burning for nearly two decades to address the greatest threat to their working grasslands, the expansion of trees into grasslands (woody encroachment). This is the first study showing how long-term management across an entire region or ecosystem can reverse the impacts that trees have on grasslands and on birds that depend on intact, resilient, and tree-free grasslands.