The Boone and Crockett Club and Wildlife Management Institute have been working together on the Poach & Pay Program, a collaborative effort to assess and address the level of illegal take of wildlife. Initial research started in 2016 examined and reviewed state restitution systems for illegal take of big game species and found that the judicial systems were the primary obstacle for successfully convicting and punishing poachers. In December 2020, the groups announced the next phase of the Poach & Pay efforts to complete comprehensive estimate of the rates of undetected, unreported, and unresolved wildlife crimes in an effort to determine the true impacts to conservation and the public trust agencies. This research got underway in late 2021, with early results showing how hunters perceive poaching in their states.